Editorial


S:I.M.O.N. is an e-journal of the Vienna Wiesenthal Institute for Holocaust Studies (VWI). It appears twice a year in English and German language. S:I.M.O.N. aims at both a transnational and comparative history of the Holocaust and Jewish Studies in Central and Eastern Europe within the broader contexts of the European history of the 20th and 21st century, including its prehistory, consequences and legacies as well as the history of memory.

S:I.M.O.N. serves as a forum for discussion of various methodological approaches. The journal especially wishes to strengthen the exchange between researchers from different scientific communities and to integrate both the Jewish history and the history of the Holocaust into the different “national” narratives. It also lays a special emphasis on memory studies and the analysis of politics of memory.  S:I.M.O.N. uses a double-blind review system, which means that both the reviewer’s and the author’s identities are concealed from each other hroughout the review process.

Shoah: The journal deals with the history of the Shoah from multidisciplinary, transnational and comparative perspectives. It seeks to integrate studies on Jews as well as on other groups of victims of the Holocaust, especially on Roma, and of so far less researched regions of (East) Central and (South) Eastern Europe.

Intervention. The journal reports on research projects and their transmission into public events. It also informs about current educational and remembrance programs.

Methods. The journal serves as a forum for the discussion of methodological approaches as, for instance, the everyday history, oral history, gender history, the history of violence, anti-Semitism and racism and the theory of memory and memory politics.

DocumentatiON. The journal contributes to critical approaches on using and interpreting archival materials in the 21st century. 

Download the current issue S:I.M.O.N. 2017/2.

Articles

Eva Reder

Pogrome in Polen 1918-1920 und 1945/46. Auslöser, Motive, Praktiken der Gewalt

Download PDFThe paper focuses on the fundamental aspects of my dissertation project: triggers of pogroms, dynamics of violence and the role of the respective emerging statehood as well as the perpetrators’ self-perception. In both reference periods, pogrom violence referred closely to the establishment of Polish statehood, even though this happened under divergent circumstances. Both phases involved exceptionally large numbers of pogroms. In both cases profound socio-political ruptures and paradigm shifts took place, where the need to create enemies was tremendous. An examination of the perpetrators’ verbal utterances and actions during and after the pogrom allows to identify their symbolic reference points, which express antisemitic stereotypes and show how the pogromists defined their relations towards state authorities. The project will offer insights about prejudices during transitional phases, the dynamics of pogroms and how narratives of violence are preserved. The pogroms are reconstructed by means of eyewitness accounts, military records and court files.

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SWL-Reader

Leonard Ehrlich

Geschätzt und gescholten. Benjamin Murmelstein in Wien 1938 –1943

Download PDFBetween June 1938 and his deportation to Theresienstadt in January 1943, Dr. Benjamin Murmelstein acted as the right hand man of Dr. Josef Löwenherz, the head of the Jewish Community in Vienna. Both Murmelstein as a person and the manner in which he executed his office were regarded with some controversy during this time. Murmelstein's bad reputation even remained with him in Theresienstadt; it also affected post-war writings, including those of highly respected researchers. The negative assessment of the two Viennese officials essentially applies to the actions of the Jewish Councils in general. Research into the situation in which Murmelstein and Löwenherz had to execute their offices, into the choices that were available to them even in the darkness of ideologically determined hatred of the Jews and into what they were able to achieve in the interests of the Jews despite the indomitable pressure upon them reveal a different picture of Murmelstein and Löwenherz: their bad reputation is shown to be a distortion.

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Events

Miloslav Szabó

Ein ‚antislowakischer' Oscar-Film? Zur Darstellung des Holocaust im tschechoslowakischen Film Obchod na korze

Download PDFDuring the clerical-fascist Slovak State, "Tóno" Brtko, a docile and poor carpenter, is offered the possibility to 'aryanise' the small Main Street sewing accessories shop of Rozália Lautmannová. Torn between his good-natured principles and his greedy wife Evelyna, he finally agrees to take over the shop by making the deaf and senile lady believe he is her nephew arriving to help her out. Yet he then discovers that the business is bankrupt, and Ms. Lautmannová is only relying on donations from the Jewish community. While letting his wife believe he is making money from the shop, he gradually becomes a supporter of the old lady. More and more, a cordial relationship between the two evolves. When the Slovak authorities finally decide to deport the Jewish population of the small town, Tóno, in a deep conflict with himself and his values, finally opts for hiding Ms. Lautmannová – a decision which turns into tragedy. Obchod na korze won the 'Oscar' for Best Foreign Language Film in 1966. The film was presented on the occasion of a VWI-Visuals presentation on 29 January 2015 in Vienna's Admiralkino.

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S:I.M.O.N.: Nur eine Quelle ...
Im Gedenken an den ungarischen Holocaust

Download PDFAm 16. April 1944 begannen die ungarischen Behörden, die bereits entrechteten Juden in Ghettos zu sperren. 437.000 Menschen wurden in 170 Ghettos zusammengepfercht, die Mehrheit wurde bis Juli 1944 nach Auschwitz deportiert und ermordet. Nach dem 15. Oktober 1944, nach der Machtübernahme der Pfeilkreuzler, wurden die Deportationen wieder aufgenommen: In den Monaten November und Dezember 1944 trieben ungarische und deutsche bewaffnete Einheiten 50.000 Zwangsarbeiter in Todesmärschen in das heutige Österreich. Die in Budapest verbliebenen Juden wurden in ein Ghetto gesperrt, Tausende erschossen. Die Überlebenden des Ghettos wurden im Jänner 1945, jene der Konzentrationslager im Mai 1945 von den Alliierten befreit.

„Nur eine Quelle …“ gedachte dieser Tragödie: Wissenschafterinnen und Wissenschafter erinnerten mit einer einzigen historischen Quelle an die Leiden der Opfer. Im Fokus standen ein Artikel, ein Objekt, ein Protokoll, ein Brief, ein Foto, eine Zeugenaussage und ein Interview. Die Vortragenden besprachen die Herkunft der Quelle sowie ihre Entstehung, wie und warum sie erhalten geblieben war, was sie uns heute erzählen kann. Welche Gesichtspunkte kann eine einzige Quelle aufwerfen? Wie kann man sie entschlüsseln, und wie wird sie Teil einer Gesamterzählung der ungarischen Shoah? Die Veranstaltung schloss mit einer kleinen Ad-hoc-Ausstellung der präsentierten Quellen und einer zweisprachigen Lesung aus Béla Zsolts Werk Neun Koffer.

  • Einleitung (Dieter Pohl)
  • Ein Artikel (Ferenc Laczó)
  • Ein Objekt (András Szécsényi)
  • Ein Protokoll (László Csősz - Regina Fritz)
  • Ein Brief (Istvan Pal Adam)
  • Eine Akkreditierung (Kinga Frojimovics)
  • Ein Foto (Zsolt K. Horváth)
  • Eine Zeugenaussage (Rita Horváth)
  • Ein Interview (Éva Kovács)

 

Durch den Abend führte Béla Rásky.